IEER: Energy & Security No. 10 / Science for Democratic Action V7N4: Radioactive Waste Management in Russia and France / Reflections on the NATO Bombing

Table 3: Electricity Production in Bulgaria

Electricity Production (1996 est.) 41.6 billion kWh

Electricity Consumption per capita (1996 est.) 5,000 kWh

Total Installed Generating Capacity (1996) 12,000 MW

Thermal-Fired Plants 7,400 MW (62%)

Nuclear Plants 3,760 MW (31%)^a

Hydroelectric Plants 840 MW (7%)

Nuclear Plant Operator National Electric Company

Nuclear Regulatory Authority Committee on the Use of Atomic Energy for Peaceful Purposes

^a According to International Nuclear Safety Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, "[I]n 1997, nuclear power supplied 45 percent of the country's electricity. However, at times that share has often risen to nearly 50 percent because fossil fuel power plants and hydropower plants have not achieved expected outputs." (http://insp.pnl.gov:2080/?profiles/ceec/bulgaria_intro)
Note: In order to operate reliably without blackouts and brownouts, an electric power system needs roughly 20 percent capacity above its peak load.

^a According to International Nuclear Safety Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, "[I]n 1997, nuclear power supplied 45 percent of the country's electricity. However, at times that share has often risen to nearly 50 percent because fossil fuel power plants and hydropower plants have not achieved expected outputs." (http://insp.pnl.gov:2080/?profiles/ceec/bulgaria_intro)
**Note:** In order to operate reliably without blackouts and brownouts, an electric power system needs roughly 20 percent capacity above its peak load.
Electricity Production (1996 est.)	41.6 billion kWh
Electricity Consumption per capita (1996 est.)	5,000 kWh
Total Installed Generating Capacity (1996)	12,000 MW
Thermal-Fired Plants	7,400 MW (62%)
Nuclear Plants	3,760 MW (31%)^a
Hydroelectric Plants	840 MW (7%)
Nuclear Plant Operator	National Electric Company
Nuclear Regulatory Authority	Committee on the Use of Atomic Energy for Peaceful Purposes

Table 4: Bulgaria's Nuclear Reactors at Kozloduy

**Sources:** International Nuclear Safety Program, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (http://atom.pnl.gov:2080/); Oleg Bukharin, personal conversation, June 15, 1999; Michael Marriotte, personal conversation, June 17, 1999.
Unit	Reactor Model	Net Output	Initial Criticality	Commercial Start
Unit 1	VVER-440/230	400 MWe	6/1974	12/1974
Unit 2	VVER-440/230	400 MWe	8/1975	12/1975
Unit 3	VVER-440/230	400 MWe	12/1980	1/1981
Unit 4	VVER-440/230	400 MWe	4/1982	8/1982
Unit 5	VVER-1000	910 MWe	11/1987	9/1988
Unit 6	VVER-1000	910 MWe	6/1991	12/1993
Reactor Supplier: Atomenergoexport (USSR) Type of Reactors: Pressurized Water Moderator: Light Water Fuel: Low Enriched Uranium Fuel Supplier: Russia		Spent Fuel Management: Storage. In the past spent fuel has been sent to Russia for reprocessing. A new agreement on reprocessing is being held up by disputes over pricing and shipment routes as well as due to opposition.

Return to article, Ecological and Health Implications of NATO Bombing in Yugoslavia
Return to SDA Vol. 7 No. 4 Main Page

Institute for Energy and Environmental Research

Comments to Outreach Coordinator: ieer@ieer.org
Takoma Park, Maryland, USA

July, 1999