Climate Change and Transnational Corporations

Analysis and Trends

United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations
Environment Series No. 2
United Nations, New York, 1992

ST/CTC/112
Sales No. E.92.II.A.7
ISBN 92-1-104385-9

Order this publication Table of Contents Note: files may take a while to download Front Matter, Preface, Contents [PDF, 420kB] Executive Summary [PDF, 1.1MB] Regulatory policies and environmental restructuring Production of fossil fuels Transportation Electricity generation Production of energy-intensive metals CFCs and other ozone-depleting chemicals Inorganic nitrogen fertilizers PART ONE: OVERVIEW Chapter I [PDF, 1.2MB] INTRODUCTION A. The global environment and TNCs B. Methodology: the case study approach C. Developing policies and principles Chapter II [PDF, 2.5MB] SETTING THE CONTEXT FOR CHANGE A. Cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions B. RegulationEnergy efficiency International environmental standards C. Liability and compensation D. Policies and principles for TNCsVendors Energy-producing corporations Energy-consuming corporations Chapter III [PDF, 1.1MB] BACKGROUND ON GLOBAL WARMING AND STRATOPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION A. Greenhouse gases and the threat of global warming B. Chlorofluorocarbons and stratospheric ozone depletion C. The pollutants D. The causes PART TWO: CASE STUDIES Chapter IV [PDF, 1.4MB] FOSSIL FUEL PRODUCTION A. Introduction B. The fuel production industry C. Fuel-production practices and greenhouse emissions D. Restructuring in the fossil-fuel production sector E. Transition planning measures F. Transition investment measures Chapter V [PDF, 1.3MB] TRANSPORTATION: ROAD VEHICLES A. Introduction B. Evolution of dependence on road vehicles C. Vehicle fuel efficiency D. Restructuring the automotive sector Chapter VI [PDF, 1.2MB] ELECTRICITY GENERATION A. Introduction B. Structural issues Energy efficiency, cogeneration and generating station size Energy sources: fossil vs. non-carbon fuels C. Restructuring the electricity-generating sector Chapter VII [PDF, 1.4MB] PRODUCTION OF ENERGY-INTENSIVE METALS A. Introduction B. Copper production C. Iron and steel production D. Aluminum production: general overview E. The Grande Carajas Programmed in Brazil F. The Valco project in Ghana G. Restructuring in the energy-intensive metals production sector Chapter VIII [PDF, 850kB] OZONE DEPLETION AND CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS A. Introduction B. The CFC phase-out C. Restructuring in the CFC sector Chapter IX [PDF, 1.1MB] INORGANIC NITROGEN FERTILIZERS A. The role of TNCs in the growth of fertilizer use B. Restructuring in the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer sector Chapter X [PDF, 400kB] PUBLIC POLICY AND THE ROLE OF CORPORATIONS: LESSONS FROM THE CASE STUDIES Some general conclusions can none the less be drawn from the case studies Select list of publications of the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations [PDF, 620kB] Questionnaire [PDF, 110kB] List of tables Estimated involvement of transnational corporations in the generation of man-made greenhouse gases Concentration of ownership in the US oil industry Automobile fuel economies: historic and present passenger vehicles Automobile fuel economies: high-efficiency prototype passenger vehicles Production of world metals and energy consumption Energy use in copper production in the US Energy use in aluminum production Estimated Valco balance sheet, 1982 Approximate electricity tariffs in Ghana, 1982 Producers of CFCs World consumption of nitrogen fertilizer List of figures I. Activities contributing to global warming II. Greenhouse gas contributions to global warming III. Global commercial energy production (277,900 Petajoules) IV. Global commercial energy production (277,900 Petajoules) V. Global commercial energy consumption (267,600 Petajoules) VI. Global transport emissions of CO2 VII. World uses of regulated CFCs, 1985 VIII. World distribution of CFC use, 1985