By: Sriram Gopal and Nicole Deller
November 2002
Institute for Energy and Environmental Research
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Press Release - Serbian | Executive Summary - Serbian Table of Contents:CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PREFACE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY MAIN FINDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION A. POST COLD WAR YUGOSLAVIA AND OPERATION ALLIED FORCE B. PANCEVO INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX Setting Hydrogeology of the area Pre-conflict levels of pollution C. KRAGUJEVAC INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX Setting Hydrogeology of the area Pre-conflict levels of pollution CHAPTER 2: BOMBINGS AND CHEMICAL RELEASE AT PANCEVO A. DESCRIPTION OF RELEASES AT INDIVIDUAL FACILITIES HIP Petrohemija1 NIS Oil Refinery HIP Azotara B. WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION HIP Petrohemija NIS Oil Refinery HIP Azotara C. AIR POLLUTION HIP Petrohemija NIS Oil Refinery HIP Azotara CHAPTER 3: BOMBINGS AND CHEMICAL RELEASE AT KRAGUJEVAC A. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB) RELEASE B. CONTAMINATED AREAS Paint Hall Floor and Power Station Wastewater Pit Waste Storage Area Waterways CHAPTER 4: PUBLIC HEALTH AND CLEANUP ISSUES A. HIP PETROHEMIJA 1,2-dichloroethane spill Mercury Spill Vinyl Chloride Fire B. NIS OIL REFINERY Oil Spills Oil Fires Other Cleanup Issues C. KRAGUJEVAC PCBs CHAPTER 5: LEGAL ISSUES A. INTERNATIONAL LAW The Authority for NATO's use of force The Laws of War Analysis of Treaty Terms The Application of Protocol I to the United States B. TARGETING CRITERIA CHAPTER 6: MAIN FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS MAIN FINDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDIX REFERENCES List of Tables Table 1: Oil products released as a result of the bombing of the NIS Oil Refinery Table 2: Summary of pollutants released as a result of the 1999 bombings in Pancevo Table 3: Groundwater pollution at HIP Petrohemija Table 4: Groundwater pollution at the NIS Oil Refinery Table 5: Soil pollution at the NIS Oil Refinery Table 6: Emission factors and estimated chemical release from the Pancevo oil fires Table 7: Estimated ground-level concentrations of selected pollutants from the NIS Oil Refinery fires List of Figures Figure 1: A Map of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Figure 2: Satellite image of the Pancevo Industrial Complex Figure 3: Locations of groundwater sampling wells at HIP Petrohemija Figure 4: 1,2-dichloroethane distribution and concentrations in the Pancevo wastewater canal, February 2000 Figure 5: Contaminated soil at the NIS Oil Refinery |
Institute for Energy and Environmental ResearchPosted November 5, 2002