Short-term Nuclear Disarmament Measures
(to be completed before the end of 1999)

1. Separation of all bombs from bombers.

2. One de-alerting measure for all missiles, land-based as well as SLBMs.

3. Complete de-alerting by India, Pakistan and Israel by removing or not placing warheads on delivery systems.

4. Permanent removal from the US and Russian arsenals of all remaining "tactical" weapons.

5. Stuffing of all pits of all warheads removed from arsenals.

6. Initiation of steps for multilateral verification of de-alerting measures, materials, and weapons inventories.

B. Other short-term measures

1. In addition to ratification of the CTBT by the six remaining nuclear weapons states, (see #3 in "Urgent Measures"), cancellation of the large laser fusion projects being built by the United States and France.

2. Unilateral declarations by all eight nuclear weapons states that they will adhere to the unanimous interpretation of Article VI of the NPT by the World Court.

3. Unilateral commitments by France and Britain not to "Europeanize" their nuclear weapons.

4. Unilateral declarations by all members of the US-led nuclear alliance, notably Germany and Japan, that no-first use policies on the part of nuclear weapons states are compatible with their own security, and that they would not break out of the NPT if such a policy were implemented.

5. Unilateral declarations of no-first-use policies by all nuclear weapons states (China and India have already made such declarations).

6. Unilateral commitments by all nuclear weapons states to stop production of all nuclear weapons, and to forego any weapons modifications.

7. Unilateral permanent commitments by all nuclear weapons states not to design new nuclear weapons.

8. A halt to all "stockpile stewardship" activities other than those oriented to checking warhead safety. Warheads that are found unsafe should be dismantled. The halt should cover subcritical tests.

9. An end to commercial plutonium separation and the placement of all stocks of weapons-usable fissile materials that are not in arsenals under international, multilateral, or bilateral safeguards (applies to all countries).

10. Shut-down of all nuclear weapons production and testing facilities, except those required for dismantlement.

11. Complete declarations of numbers of warheads and weapons-usable fissile materials (though not necessarily their locations).

12. Introduction of international economic reforms that would introduce an element of stability and equity to the Russian economy, reducing the risk of collapse and disintegration, including:
    • A small tax on all substantial foreign exchange transactions, say over $1,000, including those involving trade in currencies and financial instruments such as stocks and bonds. Such a tax has been suggested by Nobel Prize-winning economist James Tobin as a way of curbing rampant speculation in currencies.

    • A requirement that all banks and other institutions participating in foreign exchange transactions, or in providing accounts to non-residents of countries, report the existence of those accounts and all interest and other revenues derived from them to the governments of the holders' countries. The names of non-resident holders of large bank or other financial accounts (institutions as well as persons holding accounts say over $250,000) should be public.

    • Suspension of IMF practices requiring governments to assume the burden of acquiring the foreign exchange obligations of private investors. Repayment of private foreign loans should be guaranteed by private insurance purchased by the investors. This would be far more in conformity with open trading and market principles than the current IMF policy of converting private debt into sovereign debt.

Medium-Term Measures
(from 2000 to 2003)

1. Removal of all nuclear warheads from all nuclear weapons and multilateral monitoring of their storage

2. Withdrawal of all delivery sys-tems from deployment and monitoring of their storage

3. Pit stuffing of all nuclear war-heads

4. Mixing all tritium (other than small amounts needed for com-mercial and research applications) with helium gas and storing it under multilateral monitoring.

5. Creation of local, national, regional, and global plans that would address economic needs, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and the phase-out of nuclear power.

6. Conversion of the IAEA into a regulatory agency only, ending its functions for the promotion of nuclear power.

Long-Term Measures
(from 2003 to 2008)

1. A nuclear weapons convention signed by all parties that would permanently eliminate nuclear arsenals as irreversibly and as verifiably as possible. The convention should forbid the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons even in retaliation for such use.

2. Explicit commitments under that convention that there would be no withdrawal from that treaty under any circumstances, including nuclear weapons use.

3. Establishment of a verification organization that would oversee the achievement of nuclear disarmament in all its aspects. There should be explicit provision for verification by non-governmental parties, including by persons who are not citizens of the country being inspected.

Continuing Measures
(ongoing)

1. Clean-up of the contamination arising from production and testing of nuclear warheads, delivery systems, weapons-usable materials, and related facilities

2. Dismantlement and decom-missioning of all nuclear weapons production and testing sites.

3. Provision of assistance to those whose health may have been affected by those processes, independent of national origin or location.

4. Dismantlement of nuclear weapons and creation and implemen-tation of plans to put all nuclear weapons-usable materials into non-weapons-usable forms.

5. Creation of sound waste management policies and institutions, so that damage to the environment and the health of future generations may be as little affected by the era of nuclear weapons as possible.

6. Establishment of materials accounts for all nuclear weapons-usable materials that have been produced, and continual refinement of these accounts as more data are analyzed and the accounts are refined.

7. Destruction of the designs of nuclear weapons that have been dismantled.

8. Progressive elimination of secrecy in the nuclear establishment.

9. Destruction of delivery vehicles.

10. Banning of production of ballistic missiles and strict verification procedures to ensure that no space launch vehicles can be used as nuclear weapon delivery vehicles

11. Strict controls on and verification of all dual-use (nuclear and non-nuclear) items and technologies, such as cruise missiles and bombers.